What are the definition of a new buy and a modified re-buy?

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Explanation:
A new buy is the purchase of goods and services by an organization or an individual for its first time. For example a transport organization for the very first time contracting the purchase of a Lorry out to an external supplier. In situations like this, it is advisable to start the procurement cycle from the very first stage. Which is understanding the need and developing high level specification.
Modified re-buy is the purchase of goods or services that an organization has bought before there was a need but with changes to the specification or supplier or quantity or quality. In carrying out modified re-buy, procurement professional should start from the very first stage of the procurement cycle to justify the added need and follow through. Not in all cases that buyer would have to start from understanding the need. In a situation where the changes required is a change of supplier, the organization will start from its preferred suppliers list and contract the next ranking supplier as the case may be.

Explain how procurement should decide whether to make or buy a product or service.

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Explanation:
Make or buy decision are about whether a products or services should be made within the organization or bought-in from an external supplier.
For a procurement professional to establish which method (make or buy) offers the best value, the item in question must be thought through if it is core to the organization and which option will add more value to the organization, as regards achieving its strategic goals. If it is core the procurement professional decide to make it and if it is not core the product or services can be bought in.
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What are the reasons that a contract can legally be terminated?

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Explanation:
A contract is written or verbal agreement, made between two or more parties that are legally en-forceable. For a contract to be legally binding it must include intention of parties entering into the contracts. All parties must have the capacity to contract or be contracted. They must be of a sound mind, there should be a promise (offer) for performance from the other party and an exchange (consideration) of one thing for another within an agreement for contract to be binding, there must be an acceptance of the offeror's offer by the offeree.
There are many reasons contract can legally be terminated, including non-performance by one or both parties, a significant change in the requirement.
There are several reasons contract can legally be terminated, including non-performance by one or both parties; breach of material, failure to meet service level agreement, ethical breaches, a significant change in the requirement of either party caused by ethical change in the market, change in Demand, obsolescence, contract completion. The procurement professionals should get an exit strategy that should encourage a stress free disengagement should incase there are no profitable reason to continue with the contract.

Create a list of tangible, intangible, direct and indirect needs within an organization with which you are familiar.

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Explanation:
Tangible costs are the cost an organization incur acquiring items that can be physically touched and or seen.
Examples includes; 1) Capital Purchase 2) Raw materials 3) Sundry items 4) Vehi-cles/transport 5) Utilities Intangible costs are the cost an organization incurs acquiring something that cannot be physically seen or touched. Examples include; 1) Insurance 2) Marketing 3) Research and development 4) Salaries and/pension
5) Services 6) Training.
Direct costs - These are costs that an organization incurs acquiring product and services directly attributable
/traceable to its production, for example, the cost of labour and materials directly uses to produce the goods
/services which the organization sells. In the case of buying and running a Lorry for transport fleet, this would be 1) total cost of acquiring the lorry,) Tooling 3) Operation.
Indirect cost - These are costs that are not directly associated to production, for example, materials and services not used in production, labour/ staff cost not directly attributed to production, such as management, sales and marking, ICT support, rents. In the case of buying and running a Lorry for transport fleet. Examples are; 1) Insurance 2) Disposal.
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Research the ethical standard or accreditation of an industry with which you are familiar.

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Explanation:
If a supplier is accredited or is a member of an association that promotes good ethical conduct, a statement to this effect is likely to be featured on its company documentation. This could be in a form of letters after the organization name or the authorized use of logo.
Accreditation information should be verified by procurement professionals either asking organiza-tion for certification to prove membership or accreditation or checking on a professional register.
Below are associated bodies that form some industries.
1. ISO 14001 - for quality management
2. CIPS - for procurement and Supply
3. Red Tractor - NGO Registered in the UK, promoting human right
4. Amnesty International - human right
5. Carbon Trust - For Carbon neutral status.
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